{"id":106314,"date":"2026-10-30T15:46:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T19:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=106314"},"modified":"2026-10-30T15:46:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T19:46:45","slug":"this-halloween-amateur-astronomers-may-be-in-for-a-dwarf-planet-treat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=106314","title":{"rendered":"This Halloween, amateur astronomers may be in for a dwarf planet treat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The outer solar system is yielding its secrets to the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Less than five months into the observatory\u2019s decade-long survey of the sky, a potential new dwarf planet has already popped up in its data, astronomers reported this week at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society\u2019s Division of Planetary Sciences in Spokane, Wash.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another team reported a handful of new Neptune Trojans, icy objects that share an orbit with Neptune, at the meeting and in the <em>Astrophysical Journal Letters<\/em>. 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}}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(&#8211;zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(&#8211;zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(&#8211;zf-root-fontFamily)}<br \/>\n]]&gt;<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt feels a little bit like we\u2019re replicating the 1800s and early 1900s, discovering what the solar system even looks like in general,\u201d says Sam Deen, an amateur astronomer based in Simi Valley, Calif. \u201cWe\u2019re finding out what there even is in the first place that makes up most of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/kuiper-belt-discovery-solar-system-planets-space\">Kuiper Belt<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A possible dwarf planet hid in historical data<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perched on a mountaintop in Chile, the Vera Rubin Observatory is on a mission to map the entire southern sky every couple of nights, searching for faint and fast-moving cosmic objects. The observatory took its first images in June 2025 and officially began a decade-long survey in June 2026.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even before the official survey started, Rubin had detected the motion of an object orbiting billions of kilometers beyond Pluto. Rubin observed the object 30 times on 20 nights from March 4 to July 11. But no one knew it was there until October 13, when astrophysicist Matt Holman of the Smithsonian Astronomical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass., ran a search for moving dots of light in the data.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The object, called 2026 ED138, appeared to be about 47 times as far from Earth as Earth is from the sun. Its brightness suggests it\u2019s between 600 and 1,500 kilometers wide, potentially as large as other dwarf planets like Ceres and Makemake. That\u2019s probably big enough to be spherical, making it a dwarf planet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt\u2019s really big. It\u2019s damn huge,\u201d Deen says. \u201cNo matter what you call it, it\u2019s still the biggest thing we\u2019ve found in the entire solar system in 19 years.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Holman realized what he had found, he was thrilled but doubtful. \u201cIt\u2019s quite an exciting thing,\u201d Holman said in a news briefing at the meeting on October 27. \u201cBut one of the things that you need to do when you discover something potentially of this size is to try to verify that it\u2019s true.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holman and colleagues were able to find observations of the same object in archived data from the Dark Energy Camera, located on an adjacent mountaintop in Chile, taken in 2016.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deen was able to trace it back even farther, to photographic plates taken as part of a sky survey at Palomar Observatory in California in 1954. Other amateur astronomers independently found the same sightings.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey took an image from Palomar in 1954, and another about half an hour after the first one, that both by pure chance happen to point at where ED138 is,\u201d Deen says. \u201cAnd it\u2019s really obvious. If you know it\u2019s supposed to be there, it\u2019s not particularly faint.\u201d<\/p>\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Sponsor Message<\/p>\n<p><!-- Tag ID: sciencenews-org_leaderboard_incontent --><br \/>\n<\/aside>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So why didn\u2019t anybody notice it until now? It\u2019s partly because ED138 practically crawls across the sky, orbiting the sun once every 280 years. It was also moving against a dense background of Milky Way stars, where it blended in.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By combining observations spanning decades, astronomers can calculate the object\u2019s orbit with more precision.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deen is hoping to observe the potential new dwarf planet pass in front of a distant star on Halloween. That sort of observation, called an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/atmosphere-small-object-past-pluto\">occultation<\/a>, can help reveal more details of the putative dwarf planet\u2019s size and shape, and even whether it has moons or rings. Usually, it takes years to understand an object\u2019s orbit well enough to predict an occultation, Deen says. \u201cGetting to do it immediately is like being a kid in a candy shop, really.\u201d<\/p>\n<ol class=\"slides swiper-wrapper slideshow__slides___BfLMo\">\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-1 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ slideshow__sn-figure-portrait-orientation___6EwPr\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Once they knew where to look, amateur astronomers started finding the new dwarf planet in decades-old telescope images. This one is from the Palomar Telescope in 1954. ED138 is the faint dot in the middle (red circle), moving slightly from left to right between the two images. <\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\"><\/p>\n<p>Caltech, Space Telescope Science Institute<\/p>\n<p><\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-2 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ slideshow__sn-figure-portrait-orientation___6EwPr\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Once they knew where to look, amateur astronomers started finding the new dwarf planet in decades-old telescope images. This one is from the Palomar Telescope in 1954. ED138 is the faint dot in the middle (red circle), moving slightly from left to right between the two images. <\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\"><\/p>\n<p>Caltech, Space Telescope Science Institute<\/p>\n<p><\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Icy objects could offer clues to solar system beginnings<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A crop of newly spotted Neptune Trojans were masked by the Milky Way, too. These asteroids gather in the same orbit as Neptune, but offset from the planet at 60 degrees. Astronomers think they were some of the original building blocks of the solar system and contain an ancient record of planetary formation and evolution.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other planets have Trojans, too. Jupiter has thousands. Astronomers think Neptune has many more, but so far they have seen only 30 in the cluster of space objects that orbit ahead of Neptune, and just two in the cluster behind it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe would expect these [groups of Trojans] to be symmetric in numbers, so you have to get more than two,\u201d planetary scientist Meg Schwamb said in a news conference at the meeting on October 28.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The trailing cloud happened to have been moving in front of the Milky Way from the perspective of Earth for the last 15 years. Spotting individual Trojans against that crowded background was \u201clike finding a needle in a sequined dress,\u201d said Schwamb, of Queens University Belfast in Northern Ireland.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schwamb and colleagues examined Vera Rubin data taken from the commissioning phase \u2014\u00a0the period when engineers were testing the telescope. In this early data haul, the team found two more trailing Trojans, plus one candidate. They seem to be similar in composition to the leading ones, which matches theories of how the solar system formed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt just kind of got lucky,\u201d Schwamb said. \u201cThese objects photobombed the commissioning survey.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis is really the appetizer for what Rubin Observatory is going to do in its mission for the next ten years,\u201d she added. \u201cThere\u2019s hundreds more of these objects likely to be found.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the excitement about these discoveries is dampened by fears of losing observations to bright satellites crisscrossing the telescope\u2019s field of view, says astronomer Sam Lawler of the University of Regina in Canada.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI have to put in the constant downer of how the increasing numbers of satellites will make these discoveries harder,\u201d Lawler says. \u201cThere are one hundred new satellites launching every week, and they keep getting bigger and brighter. These discoveries will be hindered by that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But even with the satellites, Lawler anticipates many more cool discoveries from Rubin.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cJust finding a dwarf planet so quickly, maybe we\u2019ll find something even bigger,\u201d she says. \u201cThere could be something the size of Mars out there. And then we\u2019d have the whole planet debate all over again. It would be fun.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The outer solar system is yielding its secrets to the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. Less than five months into the observatory\u2019s decade-long survey of the sky, a potential new dwarf planet has already popped up in its data, astronomers reported this week at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society\u2019s Division of Planetary Sciences in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106314"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=106314"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106314\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=106314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=106314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=106314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}