{"id":106183,"date":"2026-10-14T12:32:15","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T16:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=106183"},"modified":"2026-10-14T12:32:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T16:32:15","slug":"voyager-1-is-nearly-one-light-day-from-earth-whats-out-there","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=106183","title":{"rendered":"Voyager 1 is nearly one light-day from Earth. What\u2019s out there?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">NASA\u2019s Voyager 1 spacecraft has been breaking distance records for decades. Launched almost 50 years ago, it became the farthest human-built object from Earth when it overtook the pathfinding Pioneer 10 probe in 1998. It was the first spacecraft to leave the solar system\u2019s protective bubble, and it will be humankind\u2019s first emissary to the stars.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cameras on Voyager 1, along with those on its twin spacecraft, Voyager 2, captured powerful megastorms in the outer solar system, the first images of dozens of moons and never-before-seen details of the gossamer rings around Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus. The images and data sent home have shaped theories of how the solar system formed and evolved, inspired subsequent missions and posed enough new questions to keep space scientists busy for decades.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<p>We summarize the week&#8217;s scientific breakthroughs every Thursday.<\/p>\n<p>                                input[type=&#8221;radio&#8221;].svelte-wecxzz{display:none}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex:1 0 28%;width:100%}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz:only-child{max-width:325px}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 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}}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(&#8211;zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(&#8211;zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(&#8211;zf-root-fontFamily)}<br \/>\n]]&gt;<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And this month, Voyager 1 will set another big record. On November 18 at 5:16:07 a.m. Eastern Standard Time, it will become the first spacecraft to reach <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/mission\/voyager\/voyager-1\/voyager-1-what-is-a-light-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one light-day from Earth<\/a>: the distance light travels in 24 hours. That\u2019s a journey of 25.9\u00a0billion kilometers, or more than four times the distance from the sun to Pluto. At that point, signals from Earth will take a full day to reach Voyager 1; it will take another day to hear back.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI just never imagined [the mission] would last that long,\u201d says Linda Spilker, a planetary scientist at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., who began working on Voyager shortly before the probes launched in 1977. Spilker was in Cape Canaveral, Fla., for the first launch. She even planned the births of her children, now in their 40s, around mission milestones. After stepping away to lead another mission, she is now back as Voyager head scientist.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two other scientists have been with Voyager since the beginning. Others weren\u2019t yet born when the spacecraft launched. \u201cVoyager, to this day, is a multi-generational mission,\u201d Spilker says. But it isn\u2019t a mission of nostalgia. There\u2019s still a world of discovery out beyond the solar system\u2019s edge.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEvery piece of data, every day that goes by that we get data from the Voyagers, tells us something new,\u201d says physicist Jamie Rankin of Princeton University, who started her Ph.D. in August 2012, the same month that Voyager 1 left the solar system for the cold, calm seas of interstellar space. \u201cEvery day, it\u2019s in places nobody\u2019s ever explored before.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exploring our neighborhood<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The original mission of the Voyager probes was to explore the outer parts of our solar system, which until then had remained largely mysterious. A rare planetary alignment meant that a spacecraft launched in the late 1970s could swoop past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, getting a gravitational boost from each planet that it passed. With these gravitational assists, the spacecraft could complete the tour in less than 15 years. Such an alignment won\u2019t happen again until the 2150s.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"slides swiper-wrapper slideshow__slides___BfLMo\">\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-1 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Whorls and vortices in Jupiter\u2019s atmosphere captured by Voyager 1 in March 1979.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA<\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-2 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Neptune\u2019s perpetual storm, the Great Dark Spot, seen by Voyager 2 in August 1989.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA<\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-3 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">The heavily cratered surface of Jupiter\u2019s moon Callisto as seen by Voyager 1 in March 1979. <\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA<\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-4 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Uranus as seen by Voyager 2 in January 1986.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA<\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-5 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Saturn and its rings captured in November 1980, four days after Voyager 1\u2019s closest approach to the planet.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA<\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"slideshow__wrapper___Aebb- item-6 swiper-slide\" role=\"listitem\">\n<figure class=\"slideshow__figure___DHfIZ\"><figcaption class=\"slideshow__gallery-caption___jcoF1\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">An active plume (blue) on Jupiter\u2019s moon Io is visible in this mosaic of images from Voyager 1.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<span class=\"credit\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA, USGS<\/span>\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The project was a bold step for its time. When work began in the early 1970s, no spacecraft had gone farther than Mars. NASA set a conservative goal for the mission: flybys of Jupiter and Saturn. In 1972 and 1973, NASA launched two Pioneer probes, which made sure the trek was possible and gathered data along the way. As with Voyager, there were two spacecraft in case one failed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After nail-biting launches and a wait of nearly two years, the Voyagers began uncovering many of Jupiter\u2019s and Saturn\u2019s long-held secrets, including the volcanoes on Jupiter\u2019s moon Io, details of Jupiter\u2019s Great Red Spot and hints of geologic activity on Saturn\u2019s moon Enceladus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mission accomplished, Voyager 2 went on to pass Uranus and Neptune. It took the first images of the planets\u2019 rings and discovered more than a dozen moons along the way. The spacecraft also spotted a perpetually churning storm on Neptune and erupting geysers on Neptune\u2019s moon Triton.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe highlights of Voyager were clearly the planetary encounters,\u201d said Ed Stone, the mission\u2019s original head scientist, in a NASA interview before his death in 2024. \u201cWe had a lifetime of discovery packed into each one.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3180283\">Linda Morabito (left image, at center) and Linda Spilker (right image, front right) are shown with other mission personnel. <\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3180283\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA; NASA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The uncontested stars of these encounters were the images shared in news reports and TV broadcasts as the planets and their moons came into view. Jupiter\u2019s moon Io turned out to be a shocking splotchy orange color that looked like a pizza.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A humble navigation image of that moon led to one of the most surprising discoveries of the entire mission. Four days past Voyager 1\u2019s closest approach to Jupiter, after the excitement had died down, project astronomer Linda Morabito of the Jet\u00a0Propulsion Laboratory started processing additional images of Io. These images had been taken after the flyby, when Voyager was looking back over its shoulder.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Sponsor Message<\/p>\n<p><!-- Tag ID: sciencenews-org_leaderboard_incontent --><br \/>\n<\/aside>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As Morabito enhanced one image\u2019s brightness, she spotted an odd bulbous formation protruding from Io\u2019s edge. \u201cWhat\u2019s that?\u201d she asked herself. Her supervisor had the same reaction: \u201cJesus, what\u2019s that?\u201d she later recalled him saying.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bulb turned out to be a volcanic plume\u2009\u2014\u2009an erupting fire fountain extending 250 kilometers above Io\u2019s surface. It was the first discovery of active volcanism anywhere other than Earth, and it transformed our view of the outer solar system. Instead of a cold, inert icebox, this was a bubbling and dynamic region.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The findings inspired many future missions. While visiting Jupiter from 1995 to 2003, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/galileos-demise-planetary-plunge-jove\">Galileo probe<\/a> found that Europa may have a subsurface ocean that could be hospitable to life. When the Cassini probe orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017, it discovered that the moon Enceladus also has a potentially habitable ocean that spews icy geysers into space.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1990, with Voyager 1 about 6\u00a0billion kilometers from the sun, astronomer Carl Sagan convinced mission leaders to turn the spacecraft backward for one last look at the planets. Voyager 1 took a family portrait in which Earth appeared faintly as a \u201cpale blue dot,\u201d Sagan said. \u201cEveryone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives\u2009\u2026\u2009on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam,\u201d he wrote in the 1994 book <em>Pale Blue Dot.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To save power, Voyager 2\u2019s cameras were shut off in 1989. After the family portrait, Voyager 1\u2019s cameras were also turned off. Where the spacecraft were headed, there wouldn\u2019t be much to see.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The edge of nowhere<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The probes were now on their way out of the solar system along their own separate paths, both headed toward a mysterious boundary that no human emissary had ever crossed. In this next phase of their voyage, no one knew what to expect. How long would the spacecraft keep communicating? How far would the powerful forces that drive the sun reach? And what would it be like to taste interstellar space?<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\" data-component=\"lightbox\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3180281\">Before turning off its camera in 1990, Voyager 1 looked back for a final photo of the planets. Inspired by the resulting image, astronomer Carl Sagan famously described Earth (circled) as a \u201cpale blue dot.\u201d<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3180281\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For its first 35 years in space, Voyager 1 was swaddled in the solar wind. This stream of hot, charged particles flows constantly from the sun, forming a vast bubble called the helio\u00adsphere. The bubble surrounds the solar system, protecting it from cosmic radiation; it extends billions of kilometers past the planets up to a boundary called the heliopause. Heliophysicists consider this boundary, where the solar wind bumps into interstellar space, the edge of the solar system, although the sun\u2019s gravitational influence extends much farther.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scientists expected the Voyagers to cross the heliopause, but they didn\u2019t know when\u2009\u2014\u2009or what the spacecraft would find when they did. Rankin had just started her Ph.D. at Caltech when in August 2012 Voyager 1 detected an abrupt jump in the number of high-energy cosmic rays alongside a drop in solar particles, hinting that the spacecraft had crossed the boundary. But magnetic field measurements suggested other\u00adwise. Instead, those measurements indicated that the sun still exerted some influence. The interstellar magnetic field diverted around the heliosphere like a river around a rock.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Voyager instrument that could have settled the question of whether the probe had passed the heliopause was no longer working. But scientists got a lucky break in April 2013 when an eruption on the sun sent a pressure wave rippling outward. It set the electrons around Voyager 1 vibrating, which allowed scientists to estimate the density of charged particles nearby.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results showed that Voyager\u00a01 had in fact crossed the heliopause on August 25, 2012, when it was about 18 billion kilometers away, or 120 times Earth\u2019s distance from the sun. Data from Voyager 2 later backed up that finding. \u201cThis is the beginning of a new era of exploration for us,\u201d Stone told Science News in 2013.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The space beyond<\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the line between our solar system and interstellar space isn\u2019t solid. The sun\u2019s reach extends farther than anyone expected, and \u201cthis boundary is not very sharp or very thin,\u201d says physicist Jeewoo Park of NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With Voyager on the other side of the heliopause, particle speeds and gas temperatures have dropped. The magnetic field is weaker. Even dust particles are about half as abundant compared with inside the heliosphere. \u201cFor the most part, it\u2019s been very quiet and very consistent,\u201d Rankin says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But it\u2019s not entirely silent. In four instances, scientists saw spikes in the magnetic field strength and particle density measurements around the probe. After the fourth, in mid-2020, those numbers have remained high. No one knows why. Perhaps Voyager 1 continues to ride the aftershocks of solar eruptions, says Park, who reported on the events in June in the <em>Astrophysical Journal<\/em>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\" data-component=\"lightbox\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3180282\">Both Voyager probes carry a Golden Record with details about the solar system and life on Earth.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3180282\">JPL-Caltech\/NASA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where pure interstellar space begins is still an open question. So is the heliosphere\u2019s shape. Most scientists think it is elongated, like a comet, but others think it is a sphere or even a croissant.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Space telescopes launched in 2008 and 2025, the Interstellar Boundary Explorer and Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe, could help answer that question.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, the Voyager probes are silently sailing onward. Scientists estimate that the onboard power sources that keep the crafts\u2019 instruments running will dry up in 10 to 15 years, preventing them from sending data back to Earth. Our conversation will come to an end. But the journey goes on.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voyager 2 will approach a red dwarf star known as Ross 248 in about 42,000 years, coming within 700 light-days. It will be 44,000\u00a0years before Voyager 1 next encounters another star, Gliese 445, at a similar distance. \u201cThe Voyagers become our silent ambassadors, a little bit of us that continues into space,\u201d Spilker says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They carry a message, should anyone find it, contained on the Golden Record. A copy of the phono\u00adgraph record, which is plated in gold, rides on each of the probes. The long-distance dispatches feature sights and sounds of Earth, including a map of the solar system; images of Earth\u2019s monuments; greetings in dozens of languages; and the sounds of whale song, laughter, classical composers and Navajo chants.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That time capsule captures the optimism and promise of the mission, Spilker says. \u201cIt may well outlast humanity.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NASA\u2019s Voyager 1 spacecraft has been breaking distance records for decades. Launched almost 50 years ago, it became the farthest human-built object from Earth when it overtook the pathfinding Pioneer 10 probe in 1998. It was the first spacecraft to leave the solar system\u2019s protective bubble, and it will be humankind\u2019s first emissary to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106183"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=106183"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106183\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=106183"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=106183"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=106183"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}