{"id":105720,"date":"2026-08-19T03:30:35","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T07:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=105720"},"modified":"2026-08-19T03:30:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T07:30:35","slug":"what-spider-man-gets-right-and-wrong-about-turning-off-superpowers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=105720","title":{"rendered":"What Spider-Man gets right \u2014 and wrong \u2014 about turning off superpowers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Note: Slight spoilers for <em>Spider-Man: Brand New Day<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>A plot device in the new Spider-Man movie is real-world science. A trick used to turn off fictional superpowers in the movie is based on actual genetic therapies for rare diseases.<\/p>\n<p>In <em>Spider-Man: Brand New Day<\/em>, Peter Parker (played by Tom Holland) has disturbing symptoms as the DNA he got from a spider bite manifests itself in new ways. He\u2019d like to get rid of some of his powers while keeping others. He visits Bruce Banner (a scientist played by Mark Ruffalo) to discuss a device Banner has created to keep his own alter-ego, the Hulk, from emerging. 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}}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(&#8211;zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(&#8211;zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(&#8211;zf-root-fontFamily)}<br \/>\n]]&gt;<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>In one scene, Parker asks Banner how the inhibitor turns off the genes that cause Banner to Hulk out. \u201cYou\u2019re using target-specific short interfering RNA, right?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not just movie technobabble. Short interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are real molecules. At least seven are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/first-gene-silencing-drug-wins-fda-approval\">approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration<\/a> for treating a variety of genetic diseases. Others are in clinical trials.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s how they work. RNA is a key component in the assembly line for making proteins. First, cells make RNA copies of the instructions of the DNA in genes. Those copies are known as messenger RNAs, or mRNA (most known for its role in COVID-19 vaccines). The copies feed into cellular machinery that reads the mRNA instructions and builds proteins accordingly.<\/p>\n<p>Small interfering RNAs, including naturally occurring microRNAs and their synthetic counterparts, work between the copying and protein-building steps to set levels of protein production. As the name implies, these interfering RNAs are tiny; just 21 or 22 RNA building blocks, or bases, long. By contrast, mRNAs may stretch for hundreds to thousands of bases.<\/p>\n<p>Interfering RNAs share short runs of bases with specific mRNAs. When the little RNAs match up with the target mRNA, the longer partner is scheduled for destruction. This happens in a\u00a0naturally occurring bit of cellular machinery called RISC. There, mRNAs that have interfering RNAs attached are chopped up. That prevents proteins from being made from those mRNAs, essentially silencing the corresponding genes.<\/p>\n<p>Shutting down foreign DNA \u2014 such as inserted arachnid DNA \u2014 or mutated genes is the sort of thing siRNAs do well, says Anastasia Khvorova, a chemical biologist at the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School\u2019s RNA Therapeutics Institute in Worcester. \u201cAbsolutely, that is theoretically what is feasible.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Presuming that Spider-Man\u2019s powers come from a single gene, then an siRNA targeting that gene could be a good inhibitor, she says. But it\u2019s rarely the case that a single gene would be responsible for such different traits as making webs, superstrength, heightened senses and Spidey\u2019s other abilities. So Parker would probably need to make a cocktail of different siRNAs to tackle all the new spider traits.<\/p>\n<p>Plus, says Khvorova, genes don\u2019t work in isolation. Shutting one down may have unintended consequences for others. Banner warns as much in the movie, saying \u201cit would be enormously dangerous and complex\u201d to try to shut down some parts of Hulk but keep others.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Sponsor Message<\/p>\n<p><!-- Tag ID: sciencenews-org_leaderboard_incontent --><br \/>\n<\/aside>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Silencing a gene<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image \"><figcaption><span class=\"credit mobile-credit wp-credit-3178387\">Alnylam Pharmaceuticals<\/span><span class=\"credit desktop-credit wp-credit-3178386\">Alnylam Pharmaceuticals<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>RNA interference, or RNAi, is one way cells control protein production. Molecules called small interfering RNAs enter the cell as double-stranded pair (orange and red, left). Once in the cell, the siRNA enters a cellular machine called RISC. There, the two strands unzip. One strand (orange) pairs with a target messenger RNA, or mRNA, that carries instructions for making a specific protein. That pairing slates the mRNA for destruction and it is chopped up. No protein can be made from that mRNA and its corresponding gene.<\/p>\n<p>siRNAs used as therapies work like natural interfering RNAs but are synthesized to have their own superpowers, Khvorova says. \u201cThey\u2019re fully chemically modified.\u201d The modifications make them stable in the body and send them to the correct organ. So far, all the FDA-approved siRNAs work in the liver. Khvorova and colleagues are developing others that can be dispatched to muscles, nerves, the placenta or to other organs.<\/p>\n<p>Usually, siRNAs don\u2019t completely shut off a gene, but they can knock it down enough that negligible levels of protein get built, says Judy Lieberman, an immunologist at Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Lieberman has also been an advisor to Alnylam, the company that first solved the problem of delivering siRNAs to specific cells. The trickle of protein might help Spider-Man control the level of his superpowers, she says. He would want enough protein made to make him super, but not enough to cause problems. Unfortunately, no one has been able to tune siRNAs so precisely.<\/p>\n<p>Spider-Man would also need the inhibitor to work everywhere in his body. That\u2019s not something siRNAs are usually designed to do, says Gane Ka-Shu Wong, a physicist-turned-biomedical scientist at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s another issue with siRNAs that could be a problem for the web-slinger. \u201cThey tend to last,\u201d Wong says. Current siRNA therapies may last for six months or longer with a single dose.<\/p>\n<p>Parker would need to make his inhibitor biodegradable, Wong says. \u201cIt\u2019s got to last long enough to get to where it needs to go and shut off whatever it needs to shut off. But it also needs to degrade so that the moment you stop injecting this drug,\u201d the powers return.<\/p>\n<p>Even then, taking the inhibitor off wouldn\u2019t instantly return a superhero\u2019s powers. At a minimum, it could take a few hours to make mRNA copies and get new proteins. But it would probably take longer to return to full power.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe could reverse it,\u201d Lieberman says, \u201cbut it might take a few days.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Note: Slight spoilers for Spider-Man: Brand New Day. A plot device in the new Spider-Man movie is real-world science. A trick used to turn off fictional superpowers in the movie is based on actual genetic therapies for rare diseases. In Spider-Man: Brand New Day, Peter Parker (played by Tom Holland) has disturbing symptoms as the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105720"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=105720"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105720\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=105720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=105720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=105720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}