{"id":104926,"date":"2026-06-03T16:58:30","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T20:58:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=104926"},"modified":"2026-06-03T16:58:30","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T20:58:30","slug":"curbing-congos-ebola-outbreak-is-hampered-by-unknowns-about-the-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/?p=104926","title":{"rendered":"Curbing Congo\u2019s Ebola outbreak is hampered by unknowns about the virus"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As an Ebola outbreak grows in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, researchers are scrambling to learn more about the rare virus that has sickened hundreds. What they find may be crucial to help turn the tide on a virus that, for now, is outpacing efforts to contain it.<\/p>\n<p>The Bundibugyo virus has been behind just two previous outbreaks: One in Uganda that began in late 2007 and another in Congo in 2012.<\/p>\n<p>The majority of Ebola outbreaks in Africa have been caused by the Ebola virus, one of four <em>Orthoebolavirus<\/em> species that sporadically sicken people. The biggest, the 2014\u20132016 outbreak in West Africa that caused more than 28,600 cases and more than 11,000 deaths, fueled efforts to develop vaccines and treatments. As a result, countries including Congo stockpiled vaccines and drugs in preparation for future outbreaks.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<p>We summarize the week&#8217;s scientific breakthroughs every Thursday.<\/p>\n<p>                        input[type=&#8221;radio&#8221;].svelte-wecxzz{display:none}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex:1 0 28%;width:100%}.payment-option-wrapper.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz:only-child{max-width:325px}.box-container.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 0;width:0;text-align:center}.inner-box.svelte-wecxzz.svelte-wecxzz{border:var(&#8211;zf-payment-options-border);border-radius:var(&#8211;zf-payment-options-borderRadius);background-color:var(&#8211;zf-payment-options-bgColor);height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.box-container.highlighted.svelte-wecxzz 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}}.zephr-form-disabled-div{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.8}.zephr-form-relative-container{position:relative}.zephr-form-flex-container{display:flex}.zephr-form-input-inner-button{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);right:5px;padding:10px 5px}.zephr-form-input-inner-text{color:var(&#8211;zephr-color-text-main);font-size:var(&#8211;zf-subtext-fontSize);font-weight:bold;font-family:var(&#8211;zf-root-fontFamily)}<br \/>\n]]&gt;<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>But those efforts have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/congo-ebola-rare-strain-gaps-readiness\">been futile in the face<\/a> of the Bundibugyo virus.<\/p>\n<p>The viruses that cause Ebola disease are \u201csimilar, but they\u2019re different,\u201d says Thomas Geisbert, a virologist at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Each is genetically distinct in ways that can make vaccines or treatments designed for one virus largely ineffective against another.<\/p>\n<p>But the viruses share a grim narrative: Of the four <em>Orthoebolavirus <\/em>species that infect people, three cause the same severe illness including fever, vomiting, bleeding and, sometimes, death. (The fourth has infected only one person.) \u201cThe disease course may be different, and the mortality rates may be different,\u201d Geisbert says. \u201cBut in the cases that are lethal, the outcome, the disease towards the end, is pretty much the same.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The race is on to find answers that might help fight this outbreak and prevent future ones. Here are three big questions about the Bundibugyo virus.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How will Bundibugyo\u2019s traits affect the trajectory of this outbreak?\u00a0<\/h3>\n<p>Knowing could help public health officials and health care workers prepare and figure out the best ways to allocate resources.<\/p>\n<p>Ebola virus is the deadliest <em>Orthoebolavirus<\/em>, with mortality rates of up to 90 percent without treatment. It\u2019s also known as Zaire, Congo\u2019s name back when the virus was first isolated there in 1976. In comparison, around 30 to 50 percent of patients died in the two Bundibugyo outbreaks, although it\u2019s unclear why the virus seems to be less deadly.<\/p>\n<p>In the current outbreak, there have been 330 confirmed cases as of May 31, including 49 deaths. Another 116 suspected cases are being investigated. Most are in Congo but a few are in neighboring Uganda.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3171820\">A man hangs an Ebola awareness banner in the Kigonze camp in Bunia, the capital city of Ituri Province in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo on May 28. Ituri, a region embroiled in decades-long conflict, is the epicenter of the outbreak.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3171820\">GLODY MURHABAZI\/AFP\/Getty Images<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Studies in nonhuman primates \u2014 the closest animal model that mimics what happens in infected people \u2014 show that at a high, \u201cworst case scenario\u201d dose, the Ebola virus is \u201cuniformly lethal\u201d without treatment, Geisbert says. All infected macaques die roughly five to nine days after exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Infection with the Bundibugyo virus, while still bad, isn\u2019t quite as lethal. Around a quarter of animals infected with Bundibugyo typically survive. But the animals tend to be sick for longer. The ones that die succumb around 14 to 15 days after infection.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"sn-conversion rich-text rich-text--with-sidebar\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Sponsor Message<\/p>\n<p><!-- Tag ID: sciencenews-org_leaderboard_incontent --><br \/>\n<\/aside>\n<p>What that means for the ongoing outbreak in Congo is unknown. \u201cWe can\u2019t predict that; it\u2019s way too early,\u201d Geisbert says. While a relatively low case fatality rate would be good news, a longer infectious period is \u201cnot a good thing,\u201d as it could extend the outbreak. Ebola infections are contagious not only while patients have symptoms, but also after death.<\/p>\n<p>Krutika Kuppalli notes that \u201ccase fatality rates are influenced by many factors beyond the virus itself.\u201d The infectious diseases physician at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas led an Ebola treatment unit in Sierra Leone during the 2014 West Africa outbreak. How quickly cases are detected, the strength of health care resources and access to them can factor into survival rates.<\/p>\n<p>This Bundibugyo outbreak caught officials off guard in part because <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/public-health-cuts-infectious-diseases\">cuts in international aid<\/a> to the region slowed disease surveillance and response. What\u2019s more, because vaccines and treatments were designed for the Ebola Zaire virus, there are no available vaccines or treatments to protect people from Bundibugyo.<\/p>\n<p>For now, managing an outbreak that spread widely due to delayed detection is the immediate concern. It\u2019s important to ensure that people get the care they need \u2014 including fluid management to help with blood loss \u2014 in a region with ongoing conflict, Kuppalli says. \u201cHigh-quality supportive care saves lives.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What animal hosts the Bundibugyo virus?<\/h3>\n<p>Knowing where Bundibugyo virus hides out between outbreaks could help experts mount guardrails around potential sources of infection. But for now, that remains a mystery.<\/p>\n<p>While the first known cases of Ebola disease were documented in 1976, it wasn\u2019t until 2007 that the first outbreak tied to Bundibugyo virus was detected. The reason why Bundibugyo infrequently causes outbreaks could be because the virus is rare in nature, Kuppalli says. It could also be that officials misclassified prior outbreaks, or missed them due to limited surveillance. Or people may not often encounter the animals that carry Bundibugyo virus.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOne of the problems with Ebola is that we still are trying to figure out what the reservoirs are,\u201d says Kartik Chandran, a virologist at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. Previous studies largely pointed toward fruit bats as the source, although insect-eating bats may also be involved in spreading the viruses to people. Preliminary genetic analyses suggest that the ongoing outbreak is the result of a single new spillover from an unknown reservoir into people.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3171822\">The hammer-headed bat is one potential Ebola virus reservoir. Researchers have found genetic fragments of the Ebola virus and antibodies that recognize the virus in some bats, but not live virus.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3171822\">Enwebb\/Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Orthoebolaviruses<\/em> including Bundibugyo may be capable of slipping inside the cells of a variety of African bats, Chandran and colleagues reported in 2025 in <em>Cell Host and Microbe<\/em>. Species including the hammer-headed bat (<em>Hypsignathus monstrosus<\/em>) and the hairy slit-faced bat (<em>Nycteris hispida<\/em>) popped up as possible reservoirs that harbor the viruses without getting sick themselves. Another global study posted May 19 on bioRxiv.org hints that the Angolan free-tailed bat (<em>Mops condylurus<\/em>) is worth keeping an eye on.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers are getting closer, Chandran says. But \u201cthere\u2019s still a lot of mud in the field.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Could the vaccine and treatments developed to fight Ebola Zaire virus work against Bundibugyo?<\/h3>\n<p>Knowing what therapeutics might be effective could give public health workers a few more tools to try to contain this outbreak. It could also buy a little time to see if any Bundibugyo-specific vaccine and treatments that have been tested in animals will work in people.<\/p>\n<p>But it\u2019s not likely. The Bundibugyo virus is different enough from the Ebola Zaire virus that experts doubt that the tools will be effective at curbing the outbreak.<\/p>\n<p>Lab-made antibody treatments go after a wine glass\u2013shaped protein called glycoprotein. Glycoproteins coat the surface of the virus, but those found on various <em>Orthoebolaviruses<\/em> are constructed with different protein building blocks.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/wp-content\/plugins\/RSSPoster_PRO\/cache\/41dbc_060126_EG_Bundibugyo_inlne2.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white illustration shows a long filament covered with tiny blobs across its surface\" class=\"wp-image-3171821\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><span class=\"caption wp-caption-3171821\">An artistic rendering of the Bundibugyo virus shows the viral glycoprotein scattered across a virion. The virus uses the wine glass-shaped glycoprotein to break into and infect cells.<\/span><span class=\"credit wp-credit-3171821\">Science and Animation\/iStock\/Getty Images Plus<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Approved antibody treatments that are effective against the Zaire virus \u201care going to be DOA just pretty much off the bat\u201d in the Bundibugyo outbreak, Chandran says. Those antibodies can\u2019t attach to parts of the glycoprotein that differ between the two viruses. The Zaire virus treatments are essentially blind to Bundibugyo viruses replicating in the body.<\/p>\n<p>But in 2017, Chandran and colleagues discovered some antibodies from a survivor of the West African Ebola outbreak that were capable of attacking not only Zaire virus but also its close cousins. Two of those antibodies were eventually developed into a cocktail called MBP134 that has proved effective at protecting ferrets and macaques from both Zaire and Bundibugyo, as well as Sudan virus, the third <em>Orthoebolavirus<\/em> that is lethal to people.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a genuine therapeutic,\u201d Chandran says. \u201cIt\u2019s not just a prophylactic. You can give it once the animal is already sick and it reverses disease and recovers the animals almost completely.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The treatment worked on animals in the advanced stages of the disease, says Geisbert, who was also involved in the testing. That would be helpful in an outbreak setting. But the drug is administered intravenously, which can be difficult in resource-challenged areas like Congo. \u201cAn oral antiviral would be fantastic in this situation,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Public officials in Congo do plan to test MBP134 in clinical trials during the ongoing outbreak \u2014 as well as an antibody treatment from the drug developer Regeneron. (Regeneron is a major financial supporter of the Society for Science, which publishes\u00a0<em>Science News.) <\/em>The antibody treatment \u2014 a cocktail of three antibodies, one of which might work against Bundibugyo \u2014 is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use against Zaire virus.<\/p>\n<p>There also is an oral drug on the table. The antiviral, called obeldesivir, can protect macaques from developing disease after exposure to Zaire virus, but hasn\u2019t yet been tested in people.<\/p>\n<p>Several vaccine candidates attacking the Bundibugyo glycoprotein also exist, though none are ready to be deployed, Geisbert says. One candidate is based off Ervebo, a vaccine approved for Zaire outbreaks. Studies in macaques show that the Bundibugyo version of the shot protects macaques from disease not only before exposure, but also after.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s really encouraging,\u201d Geisbert says. But it\u2019s difficult to draw definitive conclusions because the study included only a handful of animals, he adds. What\u2019s more, it could take months to make a vaccine for use in human clinical trials. The World Health Organization estimates that the tweaked Ervebo shot could be available in seven to nine months. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, an organization that funds vaccine development, is accelerating development of that vaccine and two others in hopes of getting clinical trials started as quickly as possible.<\/p>\n<p>Still, a months-long wait is not fast enough to turn the tide on this outbreak any time soon. \u201cThe hope,\u201d Chandran says, \u201cis that we come out of this with some kind of weaponry for next time.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As an Ebola outbreak grows in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, researchers are scrambling to learn more about the rare virus that has sickened hundreds. What they find may be crucial to help turn the tide on a virus that, for now, is outpacing efforts to contain it. The Bundibugyo virus has been behind [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":104927,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104926"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=104926"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104926\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/104927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=104926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=104926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.adviews.info\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=104926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}